Langston Hughes’ “Montage of a Dream Deferred” Essay

Economy and Nightlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economy and Nightlife - Essay Example Today, we can observer various changes and developing patterns that portray the economies of differed nations. Globalization and the development of enterprises have prompted another culture of sorts - the mixture of night-life and the MNC culture in different nations, particularly the creating countries that are becoming used to these changes. This social change has achieved an effect on the economy and the economic situations, too. This paper endeavors to feature this new wonder and connections nightlife to the development of the economy. The blooming of 'night-life' and such other related marvel occurred during the 1980s, when organizations started searching for over the-outskirt activities and started seeing the entire world as a worldwide town. Let us dissect the reasons for the development of night-life, so as to grasp its significance and how it has been an instrument of progress in influencing the economy. Initially, the changing structures of the urban areas contributed hugely to the straight setting up of makers and shoppers. For example, the focal market zones of urban communities were cleared and moved to different areas, which prompted a change in the physical structure, yet additionally in the way of life of the urban communities. Later on, this prompted the capital development and rebuilding of urban communities, that cleared path for more noteworthy potential. Holding tight in numerous urban communities in the mid-1970s the focal business locale (CBDs) spoke to a fixed capital that organizations were very hesitant to discount. This was regarding structures as well as of land. (Harvey, 1985a; 1989). Furthermore, developing rivalry among different urban communities to make an imprint and a picture for themselves, on the national level, yet in addition in t he recently discovered worldwide market prompted various changes. Likewise it made pressures inside the nearby country as organizers prepared to manage the city as an arrangement of target factors (Hall, 1988) were confronted with thoughts of urban societies and spaces that couple of were furnished to manage. Thirdly, the blast in utilization and the development of the significance of commercialization prompted this new culture. The urban communities situated themselves in wording fo utilization and not creation, which prompted another rent of social milieu. During the 1980s the (unevenly) revalorized downtown area rose as another scene of structures, ventures and signs worried about the association and misuse of utilization. This economy of utilization (appropriation and promoting), in contrast to the economy of the creation and trade of merchandise (assembling and exchange) had an a lot looser relationship to the neighborhood. [Cities and the Night-time Economy, ANDY LOVATT and JUSTIN O'CONNOR]. At last, the recently new culture subsequently

How to Manage Caregiving for Schizophrenia

How to Manage Caregiving for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Print Caregiving for Schizophrenia By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 09, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on February 09, 2020 Getty / kate_sept2004 More in Disorders Schizophrenia Addiction ADHD Eating Disorders Social Anxiety Disorder Bipolar Disorder BPD Depression OCD GAD Panic Disorder PTSD View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Schizophrenia? Effects of Schizophrenia Need for Knowledge Basic Daily Needs Treatment Social Support Self-Care Crisis Plan Coping Skills Dealing with Stigma Living Arrangements View All Back To Top Caregiving for schizophrenia is often provided by family members or other close persons and plays an important role in ensuring that people with this mental illness are able to live life to the fullest. However, its natural for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia to experience feelings of frustration, stress, and helplessness when placed in this role. As a caregiver, you have to serve as both a support system for your family member and a liaison for their medical care. In other words, you are juggling many different responsibilities with a steep learning curve and its simply not easy. Not only do you need to quickly learn about and understand the illness and the broad range of behaviors that it can involve, but you also need to determine how best to provide care without overstepping or creating undue stress. Its a delicate balancing act that is not easy, to say the least. However, when done right it provides the best chance for the person with schizophrenia to thrive. What Is Schizophrenia? If you are a caregiver for someone with schizophrenia, you likely are already familiar with the signs and symptoms of this mental illness as shown below. A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires that two or more of the following criteria be met for at least a one-month period, of which at least one of them must be the first three symptoms on the list: delusionshallucinationsdisorganized speechgrossly disorganized or catatonic behaviornegative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression In addition, there must be impairment in work, interpersonal relations, or self-care for a significant period of time. As well, signs of the illness must have lasted for at least six months and include at least one month of symptoms that match the ones listed above. In order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, it is also necessary to rule out other illnesses as the cause of symptoms such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder with psychotic features, use of substances, another medical condition, or autism spectrum or communication disorder. An Overview of Schizophrenia Effects of Schizophrenia Beyond the diagnostic criteria, a person with schizophrenia will show a number of signs of the illness that affect their daily life. These include the following: reacting inappropriately to situations (e.g., laughing at sad news)sleep patterns that are disturbedanger, anxiety, depression, or phobiasfeeling disconnected from oneselffeeling like things around them arent realproblems with language, memory, and executive functionan inability to see that ones symptoms are caused by illnessfailure to properly interpret social situationsbecoming hostile or aggressive toward others Need for Knowledge As a caregiver, the more you know about schizophrenia, the better equipped you will be to help your family member. Do your part by learning about the symptoms, treatments, prognosis, and other details so that you are better prepared to be effective in this role. Basic Daily Needs A person with schizophrenia may need help with basic daily life tasks, and as the caregiver, it is part of your role to help with the organization of these tasks. If you are not naturally an organized person or are already struggling with your own daily life, you may want to consider whether the caregiver role is right for you. You may need to help with things such as scheduling appointments, transportation to appointments, creating routines and a predictable environment, and setting realistic goals. Treatment A person with schizophrenia will likely be taking a prescription medication and perhaps receiving therapy. As a caregiver, you also have tasks related to these areas. Medication Some of the tasks you might find yourself involved with include: picking up medicationmonitoring use of medicationwatching for side effects and bringing these to the attention of the doctor or psychiatrist so that medications can be switched or other medications added to counter the side effectsencouraging the person with schizophrenia to take their medication regularlyusing a medication calendar to keep track of useencouraging use of a pillbox or timerhelping with long-acting injectable medicationsstaying on top of potential drug interactionskeeping a list of medications and supplements that are being takenensuring that alcohol and drugs are not mixed with medicationkeeping a medication log so you can see what is working Therapy A person with schizophrenia may also attend therapy to manage symptoms. Examples might include cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, life skills training, or social skills training. Your role as the caregiver could be to assist in getting the person to therapy, ensure that therapy is continued, or help with homework assignments. Social Support One of the critical pieces of the puzzle when caregiving for a person with schizophrenia is to ensure that both you and the other person have adequate social support. Social Support for the Person with Schizophrenia Below are some of the social supports that you as the caregiver may want to ensure are in place for the person with schizophrenia. Its important to realize that you cant do this all by yourself and that you will need to have backup help to do things like driving the person to appointments, taking them to the movies or visiting, or bringing meals. respite care (ask the doctor or caseworker for referrals)friends/family who have offered to helphire a coordinator (e.g., pay someone $100 a month to spend 5 hours building a support system for your loved one)other sources of support (e.g., shelter workers, roommates, case managers, clergy) Social Support for the Caregiver Dont forget about supporting yourself! It can be physically and emotionally exhausting looking after a person with schizophrenia. The more support that you have for yourself, the better you will be able to provide excellent care. Below are some ideas: join a support group with other people who are also caregiverscontact the National Alliance on Mental Illness for ongoing programs to support caregivers of those with mental illnesscontact Schizophrenics Anonymous for resources for friends/familytalk to friends, family, clergy, or a therapist if you are feeling burnt out Self-Care Practicing good self-care is important both for the person with schizophrenia and the caregiver. This doesnt mean just taking bubble baths; it means doing basic things to ensure that your well-being is a priority. Below are some examples: getting at least 30 minutes of exercise each dayeating a healthy, balanced dietnot abusing alcohol or drugsusing relaxation techniquesspending time with friendsgetting enough sleepengaging in enjoyable activitiesusing mindfulness or breathing techniquesmaintain a sense of humor Remember that the illness will take an emotional toll on both of you in terms of feeling frustrated, angry, fearful, guilty, or helpless. Always be sure to meet your own needs first and be accepting of the negative feelings that you have so that you find ways to cope instead of ignoring the problem. Crisis Plan Do you have a plan of what you will do in a crisis situation? The first thing to know is the signs of relapse, such as trouble sleeping, social withdrawal, lack of personal hygiene, paranoia, hostility, hallucinations, etc. As a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia, its important to know what to do in a crisis. Below are some key things you should have in place: all contact information (doctor, therapist, hospital, family and friends to provide childcare if needed)a plan on how to deal with acute psychosis (remain calm, validate underlying fears, dont argue about the delusions, and gently redirect conversations to safe topics)a plan to get them help (suggest seeing the doctor for a specific symptom such as insomnia; if they are resistant, let them choose which professional to see so that they feel more in control) Remember that as a caregiver, your job is to advocate for your family member even when they might be turning against you. You need to help the doctor understand the situation and stay connected to the treatment plan. Without your help, your loved one may not be able to manage basic tasks like eating, dressing, and finding shelter in a crisis. Remember that the sooner you can get them help, the better off they will be. Above all else, be sure to discuss the emergency care plan with the person when they are not in crisis. This will help reduce the feeling of being threatened when you actually find yourself in the situation. Finally, keep a diary of symptoms so that you can quickly tell when things have changed and relapse may have begun. Coping Skills/Self Help The more that a person with schizophrenia can do for themselves, the better off they will be in terms of their own self-esteem and having hope for the future. For this reason, as a caregiver, you should be encouraging the use of coping skills and self-help strategies for areas of life that are affected by the illness. For example, you could help your family member to set realistic goals that encourage taking action and striving for success in life, while at the same time alleviating some stress for this individual. In this way, you are helping to empower the person with schizophrenia by helping them to do all that they are capable of doing. Dealing with Stigma As a family caregiver, you might also worry about stigma that you may face due to the behavior of the person with schizophrenia. You might even feel tempted to hide their illness; however, this will only reinforce the stigma. Instead, try to be accepting of their illness while also working toward them living the best life possible. Living Arrangements A person with schizophrenia needs a stable place to live. Deciding where that will be depends on how well they can care for themselves and how much supervision they need. Living with the caregiver is often the best option if feasible, unless the person has serious issues that require a more supervised environment, such as substance abuse, medication refusal, or other behavioral issues. If there are other people in your home, its also important to consider the impact on them, particularly young children. Other options include a residential treatment facility or 24-hour care facility, a group home, or a supervised apartment. A Word From Verywell If you are a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia, it is important to strike a balance between providing the best care that you can and not burning yourself out. If you find that you are struggling to provide help, reach out to the care team and ask for referrals for support. While it may be tempting to try and do it all yourself, the role you have taken on involves a great deal of strain, and you will eventually need support. At the very least, try to join a group that can offer you support and with whom you can discuss problems and find solutions. Finally, be aware that your role as caregiver is crucially important for the person with schizophrenia. In a very literal sense, you may be the only one keeping that person from unemployment, homelessness, and other negative consequences of the illness. You should be proud of the work you are doing and recognize how critically important it is. Never underestimate the difference you are making for that person and how much their life has been impacted through your help. Living With Schizophrenia

Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children, Power Relationships...

Introduction This essay explores how unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC) are oppressed in the UK. An unaccompanied asylum seeking child is a person under the age of eighteen who has left their country of origin in order to seek refuge and is ‘separated from both parents and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom has responsibility to do so’ (UNHCR, 1994:121). They are therefore applying for asylum in their own right. Discrimination is the process of identifying that someone is different and, due to this difference, treating them unfairly (Thompson, 2006). Xenoracism is discrimination that is aimed at people specifically because they are from a different country, and are therefore ‘strangers’ (Sivanandan,†¦show more content†¦Power is ‘the capacity to act in such a way as to control others’ (Harris, 1997:28). He argues that everyone has at least some power, and that this power, for the relatively powerless, can be used to influence the decisions of the dominant group. Unaccompanied asylum seeking children not disclosing information can be seen as them exercising the little power they have. This can however have a negative impact on their lives in the UK, for example, being placed under section 17 of the Children Act instead of under section 20, which would offer the child more support. Foucault (1977) uses discourse to relate to how language can be used to construct ideas and thoughts about groups. Discourses and language can therefore help construct or reduce oppression (Thompson, 2006). If a group has power, they have the ‘ability and opportunity to fulfil or obstruct personal, relational, or collective needs’ (Prilleltensky, 2008). If the dominant discourse of a less powerful group is positive, the group with power may help that group fulfil their needs. If the dominant discourse of a less powerful group is negative, such as with UASC, the powerful group may obstruct them in fulfilling their needs, and therefore will cause oppression. Innes (2010) argues that the negative discourse of asylum seekers as a threat to British society is portrayed in government literature

Understanding the Function of Markets Through Different...

Understanding the Function of Markets Through Different Theoretical Perspectives The aim of this essay is to answer the 2 parts of the provided question. In the first part I will discuss the different markets models and how those different models describe the way markets function. While the second part will discuss how and why markets are limited and failure cases happens. An example case of a market failure is to be provided to assist this part of the discussion, and for this purpose I chose the affect of SARS in the airline and tourism markets as an example. How the use of different theoretical perspectives can help us in understanding how markets function Markets are a mechanism which†¦show more content†¦Dynamic Competition: Schumpeters view of this model of competitive markets stands on the basis of competition over innovations in products and process and not price competition. So firms that do not move ahead faster than their competitors will fall behind and eventually will go out of business. This process of innovate or go bust is what Schumpeter calls creative destruction. The result of such creative destruction would be a regular changing structure of the economy and improving living standards over the years. According to Schumpeter we should not put too much emphasis on static efficiency related to perfect competition because this tends to kill technological change. Instead we should recognize that some degree of monopoly power is a necessity to keep going the process of infrastructure growth and development. The main features of this model are: - Short term monopolies are useful to enable firms to accumulate the required resources. - Large firms are important in the evolutionary procedure of the economy; and - Markets operate under this view achieve reduction in cost and improvement in quality which results from two sources:  · Technological advances  · Economies of scale. Some opposing argument would be that this model does allow a problem of monopoly, which governments need toShow MoreRelatedSociology and Coffee Essays881 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment #1 Coffee is a beverage that is globally consumed, but also a product that has different values in different parts of the world. The role coffee plays in society differs around the world, from the farmers who grew the crops to the people who constantly consume them. Social theoretical perspectives are capable of showing the different roles coffee has in different societies. Symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and Marxism are three theories which show coffee’s role sociologicallyRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pagestrying to explain is the phenomenon of war and what causes it? War is a state of armed conflict between different states or different groups within a country. War can take on many forms including world, inter-state, intra-state or revolutionary. In order to figure what causes wars, a theoretical approach is useful to expand our understanding and perspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will explore in this paper are Realism, Liberalism and Marxism. These three approaches areRead MoreThe National Health Service Report782 Words   |  4 Pagesmanufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage in the UK, employing 4000 people and operating out of 13 locations (Odell, 2015). CCGB currently produce 19 brands and 96 different products, UK sales rates of 4 billion bottles and cans per year. Which has aided in CCGB achievement as the market leaders and cemented their presence as one of the most globally recognisable products. (Jorgensen, 1994). In 2015, Coca-Cola unveiled a new retail marketing strategy, entitled â€Å"the One Brand†Read MoreClass As A Social Group1642 Words   |  7 Pagesmaterial interests that separate it from different classes (Wright, 2005, p.2). Sociologists attempting to study the concept of class often draw upon a variety of research methods in order to ensure that the most accurate results and conclusions are reached, two of whic h are analyzed below with the aim of understanding just how effective they may be – the subjective method, and the objective method. However, in order to develop an even deeper understanding of the concept of class, it is importantRead MoreThe Success Of The Training Program1606 Words   |  7 Pagesthis globalized world, adapting to change is vital for accomplishment. Organizations are expected to compete in a ferocious market where strengthening their workforce is a key competitive advantage. On a yearly basis, companies invest time and economical resources into the training and developing of their most valuable asset: their employees. This core human resource function brings positive results on the organizations’ performance and represent an important intervention for the achievement of theRead MoreWhy Social Workers Can Not Be Overstated1301 Words   |  6 Pages 1. The importance of understanding the community cannot be overstated. Most people access resources at the community level, regardless of whether the program funding originates at the local, state, or national level. It is at the community level that government is potentially most responsive to individual citizens. Quality-of-life issues are most profoundly confronted at the local level. 2. While the work of all human-service practitioners overlaps in numerous ways, the field of social work isRead MoreThe Cultural Nature Of Human Development1257 Words   |  6 Pageshas been largely based around research and theoretical knowledge coming from middle-class communities in Europe, as well as North America. Questions such as â€Å"When does children’s intellectual development permit them to be responsible for others?† and â€Å"When can they be trusted to take care of an infant?† are vital in recognizing cultural approaches among different cultural communities. Rogoff’s work discusses the importance of increasing the understanding of the cultural basis of our own lives as thoseRead MoreResource Based View of Social Entrepreneurship: Puting the Pieces Together813 Words   |  3 Pagesimportance of the problems and the potential for value creation in the future. Consistent with the strategic management literature, this paper explores the id ea that growth is a function of the resources and organizational capabilities of the firm. When investigating the attributes of these resources, the theoretical framework extends itself to the resource based view of the firm theory (Wernerfelt, 1984). According to the resource based view, competitive advantage of a firm lies in the applicationRead MoreEconomic Development Of China Through Marxian Economics And Neoclassical Economics1618 Words   |  7 Pagesregional leader with the potential to become a global power. With respect to economics, China’s capitalist market has become a key international player in global politics. One way of conceptualizing the phenomenon of economic expansion in China is through the examination of traditional and contemporary IR theories. China’s remarkable economic growth, which exemplifies their â€Å"socialist market economy model,† can be conceptualized by the structural change in the country’s internal dynamics such as institutionalRead MoreEntrepreneurial Behavior and Perspective1553 Words   |  7 PagesJunie D. Bonifacio Date: December 1, 2012 Topic Title: Entrepreneurial Behavior and Perspective Material Title: Defining and Measuring Entrepreneurship Summary The reading focuses on the definition of entrepreneurship in different contexts and on measuring the level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship has been defined differently through neo-classical and economic literatures. Theoretical definitions of entrepreneurship reflect a diverse set of ideas about the role of entrepreneurship

1960’s Fashion Free Essays

Choose any decade in recent history and describe how ‘Style’ defined the period- 1960’s Emergence from the devastation that hit Britain during the Second World War, Britain in the 60’s was one that broke many fashion traditions, generated new social movements and defined the period with its style. â€Å"There was to be an end to the age of shoddy, to the post-war period of ‘making do’†¦ swinging London was confident enough now to wage a war of independence. † (Jackson, 1998 p35) The post war industrial boom was affecting lifestyles and in particular, it was the the Youth culture that benefitted mostly from this shift in movement. We will write a custom essay sample on 1960’s Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was emphasis on the youth and ‘The Look’ that began to displace the ‘New look’ of the post war period. Becoming more open minded, independent and culturally aware were all things that the youth began to adopt, along with disposable income. Benefits from the post war industrial boom encouraged this new attitude towards money and the way it could be spent. †¦commercial success stories, many related to retailing of one sort of another, with fashion and home furnishings being at the fore front of the consumer revolution. Because this was a time of virtually full employment and economic prosperity, consumers had more money to spend than ever before. † (Jackson, 1998, p35) The style and attitude towards fashion had changed, and it became a passion rather then a necessity. Music in the 60’s had a strong influential bond with fashion and style that had never been so closely linked. This unison created distinctive style of dress, developing from Beatnik, Teddy Boys and Mods. The attitude towards style had become very open and people began to gain confidence in their own development of sense of style. â€Å"†¦ music and attitudes that could be understood at a glance. And the freedom that fashion allowed in the sixties meant that everyone could dress up. † (Connikie, 1990, p7) The Beatles were the band that represented the forefront of men’s fashion. They developed styles for each new record release and in 1963 they had portrayed the distinctive collarless Cardin Suits and collar-length hair. This recognisable hair cut became instantly noticeable in the youth culture. â€Å"†¦became a universal sign of rebellious youth. † (Connikie, 1990, p36) The Beatles also adopted a similarity to the â€Å"mod’ style, however denied connections with the culture as they wanted to appeal to all, the music and the culture both interrupted Britain at the similar time. Before the Mods culture emerged in Britain, former sub cultures such as Teddy Boys built the bridges to allow people to challenge style and create a culture. Teddy boys also lead the way for a growing male interest in fashion, making it socially acceptable. â€Å"†¦male interest in fashion in Britain was mostly associated with the underground homosexual subculture’s flamboyant dressing styles† (Mod subculture, website, 2010) These cultures would have developed from the New Romantics as they became more out spoken and familiar. As the subcultures faded in the early 1960’s, the Mod style, short for ‘Moderns’ were prime examples of what the Swinging Sixties were classed as: youth, mobility, fashion and a strong interest in music. The majority of people who adopted this culture were young adults. The styles included; the Harrington jacket, Fishtail green parka, polo shirts, turtle necks, roll necks, slim fitting, high collared shirts, loafers, dessert boots, tailored 60’s jacket and straight leg trouser or jeans. They would drive scooters as it was an easy accessible mode of transport, it became a distinctive part of the culture, all based around style and the overall look. The attitudes around this culture was desirable to the youth but could be described as troublesome for others. Rifts between the Mods and Rockers caused public display of violence in Brighton 1964, the riot scene was recreated in the film ‘Quadrophenia’, produced by the classic cult band of the period, The Who, who were popular with the Mods. Mods were seen as usually city dwellers with well paid office jobs and looked presentable, whereas Rockers tended to be rural, and classed as out of touch, oafish and grubby. This style clash shows the importance of the cults and how important being united together was. It also shows how influential style could become. Styles changed slightly throughout the Mod culture and it adopted a new Italian/ French style, introduced a smooth, sophisticated look that enhanced the tailor made feel. Crew necks, pointed toe leather shoes were a few additions to the culture. Due to this style, a period of pushing boundaries and experimentation was nigh. The use of recreational drugs was something that the culture influenced. Nicknamed ‘purple hearts’ Mods would use the drug when out at night to get a buzz and stimulation. Mods used amphetamines to extend their leisure time into the early hours of the morning and as a way of bridging the wide gap between their hostile and daunting everyday work lives and the ‘inner world’ of dancing and dressing up in their off-hours. † (Mod subculture, website, 2011) Some male Mods experimented with challenging the social gender norms by wearing makeup to enhance their appearance and women began to substitute an androgynous style of wearing clothes. Hair was being cut short, the wear of men’s garments and little make up worn. This obsession Mods had with clothes and styles allowed acceptance to the idea of experimentation and added a sense of rebellion to social norms. Attitudes towards women in the Mod culture were also influential, young mod men accepted the idea that women did not have to be attached to a man and that they can become independent and have a source of income etc. This presentable image was said to make non-subculture aspects of life easier and more equal to that of the male Mods. Miniskirts defined the period of change in the attitude towards the length of women’s clothing and how much reveal is accepted. This initial style pushed the boundaries and as a result has changed the attitude ever since. â€Å"Female Mods pushed the boundaries if parental tolerance with their miniskirts, which got progressively shorter between the early and mid 1960’s† (Mods subculture, website, 2011) Models such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton were pinnacle to the fashion industry during the 1960’s. They promoted and exposed the new changing styles across the world, and in tern became a face of the period. Their style defined the period and Twiggy’s famous face is one that we automatically link to that of the 60’s. â€Å"With her waif like figure, boyish hair cut and striking eye lashes she created an image that would epitomise an era. Twiggy became the idol for millions of teenage girls of the sixties revolution. † (Twiggy Lawson, website, 2008) She was one of the first supermodels and was/is an icon of the period. Mary Quant, a quintessential designer in the 60’s, made keeping up with trends inexpensive and accessible to all young girls in the period. She popularised the mini skirt and became essential for developing the Mod-girl image. She also became a defining person of the 1960’s and changed shopping experiences and attitudes to style by opening up a divergent store offering new cutting edge and orginal designs. These hand tailored designs had became desirable as each one was unique and became very popular with the youth culture. Design alone could not have brought about the revolution in taste and lifestyle that happened during the 1960’s’ the key figure of the decade were the popularisers, those who actively and directly promoted ‘the look’ and made it available to a mass audience. † (Jackson, 1998, p36) The British youth fashion was a lucrative market and Quant along with partner Alexander Plunket Greene opened a retail store in the Kings r oad called Bazaar. She designed and edited garments that became very desirable to the youth culture as it was accessible and new, in creating this idea Quant became a brand in herself. Mods were very conscious about clothing and buying the classic items. Gaining inspiration from the cults, Quant enhanced the promotion of them. In 1965 she wrote â€Å"It is the Mods†¦ who gave the dress trade the impetus to break through the fast-moving, breathtaking, uprooting revolution in which we have been a part since the opening of Bazaar. † (Jackson, 1998, p43) This shows that style generated by cults, were particularly a large influence to help define the period and possible retail future. ’The Look’ which she created was part of a wider movement encompassing photography, graphics and pop music along with domestic design, she was keenly aware of the significance of fashion in particular in pioneering change, and in leading and defining a shift in social attitudes. â€Å" (Jackson, 1998, p43) the attitudes had become more relaxed and people wanted this to be shown through what they wear. Their attitude towards the clothes themselves and the idea of spending money had also changed. Because this was a time of virtually full employment and economic prosperity, consumers had more money to spend then ever before. † (Jackson, 1998, p35) Along with this designer, the male revolution and attitude towards style had also changed and shopping as an experience was one that in particular men enjoyed to. John Stephen owned 10 stores down Carnaby Street by 1966. Each store had a different feel and different name. These stores became a busy, exciting place to go and shopping became a leisurely past time, where as before it was a necessity-based experience. This encouraged the Mods, and people became to buy into the lifestyle they lead. These stores were the first to play music, allowing dancing, trying on, alterations and became a desired social experience. ‘Swinging London in 1966, what people were most interested in was shopping†¦ Shopping became a primary leisure activity for young people, along with watching television and listening to pop music. Shopping was also an avenue for the expression of popular culture, both in terms of what was now being sold, and through the way shops were designed. ’ (Jackson, 1998, p36) â€Å"That the fashion for shopping was perceived as being central to the revitalization of design in Britain†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Carnaby street’ was widely used as a generic term for a particular type of design: brash, brightly coloured, with highly decorated surfaces, including the ubiquitous union jack. † (Jackson, 1998, p37) Carnaby street developed into a ‘virtual fashion parade†™ (1960’s in Fashion, website, 2011) and said to sell not only clothes but also an attitude and was a key characteristic of innovation, iconoclasm and fun. They echoed the prevailing spirit of sexual and political revolution†¦. Carnaby Street became synonymous with the idea of Swinging London. Using the skills of established Soho ‘rag trade’, it sold relatively inexpensive, trend-driven merchandise that mirrored contemporary changes in society and culture. † (VA, Fashion in 1960’s, website, N. D) And was said to have ‘pulled the rug from under contemporary or modern† (Hillier, 1998, p188) This generated look and concept about shopping was seen as an enjoyable past time was a desirable experience from other countries outside Britain. The consumer revolution had given Britain a new look, Post war â€Å"Britain shed it fusty, olde-worlde image, and ‘swinging London’, with it Beatlemania and Rolling Stones, its Carnaby Street and mini-skirts and Chelsea boutiques, became a world influence in lifestyle and fashion. † (Hillier, 1998, p162) This defines the power Britain had to influence style in other countries, it was gaining a name in fashion and beginning to become a culture associated with Britain. The term ‘Youthquake’ was used to describe the shift in attitudes towards style and shopping. It had defined the prosperity of future Britain and therefore defined this period as a statement that is very eminent. There was a consumer revolution as shopping experiences changed. â€Å"The restrictive conventions and judgemental attitude of earlier decades were challenged†¦ shopping had a major impact on peoples lifestyles: by making available goods that people had never seen before. † (Jackson, 1998, p36) Lifestyle shops such as Habitat were introuced, they were pinnacle to defining the period and the consumer revolution. They had created a place where people would desire the lifestyle and living accommodations that they created visually instore. Mary Quant had influenced Terrence Conran, the founder of Habitat, as he admired young fashion designers that had challenged the norms and had drawn attention to the new market. Habitat was said to be â€Å"probably the single most important domestic design phenomenon in Britain during the 1960s. † (Jackson, 1998, p49). Habitat was recognised across seas that had inspired particularly Americans and Scandinavians to change the way of retail and style. †¦in 1966 that the international media suddenly discovered the London ‘scene’ and decided that Britain has got ‘the look’ which the rest of the world wanted. † (Jackson, 1998, p40) Pivital to this revolution was originally the Cult styles founded by the youth culture. Cult styles changed rapidly in the 1960’s, but had almost defined the period due to the influenc e they had caused. Due to constant shifts in style the Mods in particular had drifted away due to the changing styles, such as the Hippys. The ‘harder’ moderns were rougher and became the first ‘skinheads’, another style interpreting the period. The consumer boom was very important in defining the period and this was lead on from the styles, the ever-changing youth Cults had created throughout the 1960’s. These styles had influenced many revolutions such as breaking social norms, effecting shopping styles among other things. Style has definitely defined the period as Britain was out of the war and ready for a new social boom, style has become instantly recognizable to the period. The cults are still guiding design now, and we recognise the period due to the style and design movements there were. Retail and designers both use influences from periods in time and the Cult styles are reborn. Designers such as Fred Perry have adopted influences from the Mod culture with their polo shirts and jackets; this look is very widespread and has almost re created the culture in the sense that the style becomes very popular. This is available to see throughout fashion and retail and the period is still defined by the style created by the youth culture. Vintage fashion has become very apparent and people are beginning to mock different eras to show individuality. This shows the style defining periods are very much important today. How to cite 1960’s Fashion, Essay examples

Swot Analysis of Toyota Essay Example For Students

Swot Analysis of Toyota Essay We have analyzed Porter’s Five Forces of Toyota and PESTEL Model of Toyota. Therefore in this station. I will name the SWOT of Toyota. 1. Opportunities -Recovery of car industry: The automotive industry showed the marks of recovery. which is predicted to be gradual. The market will make a volume of 129. 9 million units in 2013 ( Durbin. and Krisher. 2010 ) . This provides positive information to the automotive makers and stimulation to the investors. -Hybrid electric vehicles: The increasing energy costs and rigorous emanation ordinances enhance the demand of the intercrossed electric vehicles because of its high fuel efficiency. We will write a custom essay on Swot Analysis of Toyota specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is estimated it will make 4. 0 million units by 2015. Besides US. Western Europe and Japan. China is estimated to be following big market. -Opportunities in Asiatic market: The Asiatic automotive market became the chief increasing point and is estimated to increase in the undermentioned several old ages. Therefore. the automotive corporations should concentrate on the Asiatic markets. such as China. and India. 2. Threats -Competition in the planetary automotive market: The world-wide automotive market is extremely competitory. and becomes stronger due to the globalisation. which is involved into every factor of automotive. The competition may take to cut down the car unit gross revenues. which may act upon the company’s fiscal status. -Tightening emanation criterions: The fastening emanation criterions adopted by the EU increase the extra costs for merchandise development. proving and fabricating operations for the automotive industries. 3. Strengths -Leading trade name acknowledgment: Toyota is one of the taking automotive trade names in the universe. And its trade name Lexus values around $ 3. 1 billion. The other trade names Corolla. Camry. Sienna. Prius and Scion are popular. The taking trade name image gives it important competitory advantage and charge premium monetary values. -Focus on R A ; D activities: Toyota strongly focuses on R A ; D to spread out its merchandise. The company’s strong focal point on R A ; D allows it to continue the technological leading in most of its merchandise sections. It has besides enabled Toyota to develop advanced merchandises. taking to strong gross revenues. -Strong distribution web: The company has a strong distribution web. Strong distribution web helps Toyota to better its gross revenues and to beef up its market place all over the universe. -Toyota production system: The Just-in-Time and Jidoka Production System will assist Toyota to construct quality with the low defects and costs. 4. Failings -Lapses in merchandise quality: Toyota announced two callbacks late that cover some of its most popular theoretical accounts. and recalled approximately 10 million vehicles across the universe. These recalls non merely cut down the portion monetary values. but besides impact the trade name image and the consumer assurance. -The unfunded pension: In 2009. there was about $ 6537. 7 million unfunded for the projected pension and post-retirement benefit. There are some unfunded retirement pensions in Toyota. which may act upon the hard currency flows.